In a solemn address following Friday prayer, President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud of Somalia took to the podium to discuss a series of pivotal issues at the heart of the nation’s progress and regional relations. The President delved into the longstanding disputes and historical conflicts with neighboring Ethiopia, a topic that has recently seen heightened tensions over territorial integrity and sovereignty.
Amidst these regional challenges, President Mohamud turned his attention to domestic affairs, underscoring the critical ongoing constitutional review aimed at strengthening the nation’s governance framework. He heralded the significant strides towards implementing a ‘one man one vote’ system, marking a departure from the clan-based political structure and steering Somalia towards a more inclusive and democratic electoral process.
In a passionate call for self-reliance, the President emphasized the importance of robust tax collection systems as a cornerstone for national development. He highlighted the government’s commitment to enhancing revenue mobilization and fostering a self-sustaining economy, despite the challenges posed by competing systems of governance and the need for a broader tax base.
Ethiopian-Somali Dispute
The Ethiopian-Somali conflict, as discussed by President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, is a deeply rooted territorial and political dispute that has spanned centuries. The most recent tensions have been ignited by an agreement between Ethiopia and regional administration of Somaliland, which Somalia views as an infringement on its sovereignty.
The conflict dates back to the 14th century, with the Ethiopian Empire’s attempts to control trade routes from ports in what is now northern Somalia. This led to military expeditions and significant animosity between the two states, resulting in multiple rebellions against Ethiopian hegemony.
In the late 1940s, the conflict entered a new phase when the Somali-inhabited Ogaden region was handed back to Ethiopia by the British. This decision led to insurgencies and several wars, including the notable conflict in 1977-78 over the disputed region.
The current situation escalated with Ethiopia’s memorandum of understanding signed on January 1st, allowing it to develop a naval base on Somaliland’s coast. This move has rattled the Horn of Africa and sparked fury in Somalia, with President Mohamud calling on Somalis to “prepare for the defence of our homeland” and threatening conflict with Ethiopia over the breakaway region.
Ethiopia has been one of the largest contributors of troops in the African Union peacekeeping force in Somalia. The Ethiopian invasion of Somalia in 2006 to dislodge Islamists from Mogadishu helped to spark the Al-Shabaab insurgency, adding another layer to the complex relationship between the two nations.
President Mohamud has made it clear that Somalia is prepared to pursue all diplomatic options to resolve the issue but is also ready for war if necessary. He emphasizes the need for peaceful coexistence but not at the expense of Somalia’s territorial integrity and independence.
The Ethiopian-Somali conflict remains a significant challenge in the Horn of Africa, with historical grievances and recent political maneuvers contributing to a tense and volatile situation. As President Mohamud has highlighted, the path to peace requires a delicate balance of diplomacy, national unity, and a steadfast commitment to sovereignty.
Transition to Direct Democracy
The concept of “one man one vote” is a cornerstone of democratic principles, signifying the equal value of every citizen’s vote in the electoral process. In his speech, President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud underscored the importance of this principle as part of Somalia’s commitment to democratic reform.
After decades of a clan-based system, where leaders were elected through indirect means, Somalia is set to embrace direct universal suffrage. This historic shift is expected to empower the Somali people, allowing them to exercise their democratic right to elect their leaders directly.
The move towards a “one man one vote” system has been a complex endeavor, with previous attempts hampered by political divisions and security concerns. However, the current government has made significant strides in overcoming these challenges
The adoption of this system is expected to promote transparency, inclusivity, and citizen engagement in the democratic process. It marks a departure from the fragmented and often contentious clan-based politics, paving the way for a more conventional and representative democratic system.
President Mohamud’s administration has pledged to implement the “one man one vote” system by 2026, demonstrating a commitment to fulfilling the aspirations of the Somali people for a more democratic and accountable governance structure.
The “one man one vote” initiative is a significant step towards democratization for Somalia, reflecting the nation’s resolve to establish a political system where the will of the people is the foundation of authority and governance.
Tax Collection: A Pillar of Independence
In Somalia, tax collection is not just a financial necessity; it’s a patriotic duty that underpins the very essence of nation-building and sovereignty. President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, in his address, emphasized the critical role of tax revenue in achieving financial independence and supporting the country’s development.
Taxation in Somalia is a complex affair, with the Federal Government striving to establish an effective system amidst competition from other governance systems. Despite these challenges, the government has made strides in increasing its budget through domestic revenue mobilization, signaling a move towards greater financial autonomy.
Patriotism and Civic Duty
The President’s call for Somalis to pay their taxes is a call to patriotism. It’s an appeal to the citizens’ sense of national pride and their responsibility towards the collective welfare of the country. By fulfilling their tax obligations, Somalis contribute to the nation’s ability to finance its own development projects and support its security forces, who are at the forefront of the fight against terrorism.
Somalia’s journey towards effective tax collection is fraught with challenges, including the need for a broader tax base and the competition from non-state actors who also collect financial contributions. However, the government’s commitment to reforms and harmonization efforts has shown positive results, even amidst the challenges imposed by external factors like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Tax collection in Somalia is more than a financial mechanism; it’s a prove to the country’s resilience and determination to forge a path of self-reliance. President Mohamud’s emphasis on taxation as a patriotic act reflects the broader vision of a Somalia that is financially independent and capable of charting its own course in the world.
The Journey of Constitutional Reform
Completing the constitution is a pivotal step in solidifying the legal and political framework of a nation. President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud’s administration has made significant progress in this regard, with the completion of the review and amendment of the first four chapters of the constitution by the 11th parliament of Somalia. This process marks a substantial advancement in governance and societal cohesion for Somalia.
The Somali Provisional Constitution, adopted in 2012, was intended to be a temporary solution until a comprehensive review could be conducted. The process, however, faced various setbacks and delays, extending beyond the originally envisaged four-year timeline. Despite these challenges, the current administration has shown a steadfast commitment to finalizing the constitutional review process2.
The constitutional reform has been characterized by what many experts term a “sober and democratic debate,” reflecting the maturity and dedication of Somalia’s legislative bodies. The issues deliberated upon include the structure of the Federal Republic of Somalia, the rights and liberties of the Somali people, and the stewardship of land and national resources.
The Significance of the Reform
The significance of this constitutional reform extends beyond the chambers of parliament, touching the lives of the Somali youth and the broader population. It rekindles faith in a Somalia that promises a brighter future, where democratic principles ensure liberties, future, and national interests.
While debates over the constitutional amendments have been completed, there are still hurdles to overcome, such as resistance from certain regions like Puntland. The finalization of the constitutional review process requires a broad consensus for the adoption of any constitutional amendments by the Somali Federal Parliament and approval by the Somali people in a referendum.
The completion of the constitution is more than a legislative achievement; it’s a reaffirmation of Somalia’s dedication to democracy, rule of law, and national unity. As the country moves forward, the finalized constitution will serve as the bedrock for Somalia’s future governance and the embodiment of its people’s aspirations.
